Abstract:
The need for materials with extraordinary characteristics is one of the major challenges faced
by the engineering sector. This project takes an alternative strategy since it addresses the economic
impact on pure hard elements like titanium, vanadium, tungsten, and their alloys as well as the
difficulties of availability from the open market. The parent pure metal is purchased to the
machine's level of difficulty and a number of characteristics were examined during a hard turning
operation. Since few research have been done on the behaviour of the cutting tool during CBN
hard turning, pure EN31 round bar is taken into consideration for this purpose and is purchased at
a hardness level of 60–64 HRC. This is done in order to understand the variance in some
parameters. CBN tools were utilized for this. As a result, this study examines how cutting factors
affect hard turning. Through the analysis of variance, the combined impact of the process (cutting
speed, feed rate, and depth of cut) on performance metrics (surface roughness and chip
morphology) is examined (ANOVA). The output factors taken into account are the type of chips
produced (chip morphology) and the surface roughness. Chip morphology study only takes
continuing and discontinuous chips into account because CBN is the cutting tool being
employed.The experiment revealed that feed rate is the dependent parameter for Ra, Rq, and Rz
surface roughness measurements. Using Design Xpert software, the Box Behnken technique was
used to construct the experiment, and regression analysis was used to conform the results
